Adverbs
In this section we will look at three groups of adverbs to do with Manner, Place and Time.
Before just listing out those adverbs it's useful to pull out a "subgroup" to show how several of these adverbs can be shown to be combination words with a stem and ending, purely as it may, for some, make learning them easier. The table below show how the words group using the three different endings for manner, place and time across the columns and the word stems in each row to indicate the aspect[1].
English | Greek |
||
Manner |
Place |
Time |
|
~ (how/where/when) | πως / ΠΩΣ |
που / ΠΟΥ |
πότε / ΠΟΤΕ |
~ ever (however/where ever/whenever) | όπως / ΟΠΩΣ |
όπου / ΟΠΟΥ |
όποτε / ΟΠΟΤΕ |
some ~ (somehow/somewhere/sometime) | κάπως / ΚΑΠΩΣ |
κάπου / ΚΑΠΟΥ |
κάποτε / ΚΑΠΟΤΕ |
else ~ (otherwise/eslewhere/another time) | αλλιώς / ΑΛΛΙΩΣ |
αλλού / ΑΛΛΟΥ |
άλλοτε / ΑΛΛΟΤΕ |
It's not a perfect rule (as the last of row shows), and it should not be applied to other adverbs of manner, place and time, so this is only presented in this manner as a possible aid to learning rather than any representation of "real" grammar.
Below are a few more adverbs that may be useful:
English | Lowercase | Uppercase |
Manner |
||
Thus (in this/that way) | έτσι | ΕΤΣΙ |
(not) at all | καθόλου | ΚΑΘΟΛΟΥ |
only | μόνο | ΜΟΝΟ |
together | μαζί | ΜΑΖΙ |
Place |
||
here | εδώ | ΕΔΩ |
there | εκεί | ΕΚΕΙ |
everywhere | παντού | ΠΑΝΤΟΥ |
nowhere | πουθενά | ΠΟΥΘΕΝΑ |
up/above/upstairs | πάνω | ΠΑΝΩ |
down/below/downstairs | κάτω | ΚΑΤΩ |
inside | μέσα | ΜΕΣΑ |
outside | έξω | ΕΞΩ |
in front/forwards | εμπρός | ΕΜΠΡΟΣ |
behind/backwards | πίσω | ΠΙΣΩ |
near | κοντά | ΚΟΝΤΑ |
far away | μακριά | ΜΑΚΡΙΑ |
between | ανάμεσα | ΑΝΑΜΕΣΑ |
opposite | απέναντι | ΑΠΕΝΑΝΤΙ |
next to | δίπλα | ΔΙΠΛΑ |
right | δεξιά | ΔΕΞΙΑ |
left | αριστερά | ΑΡΙΣΤΕΡΑ |
Time |
||
always | πάντα | ΠΑΝΤΑ |
never | ποτέ [2] | ΠΟΤΕ |
at which point | οπότε [2] | ΟΠΟΤΕ |
now | τώρα | ΤΩΡΑ |
then | τότε | ΤΟΤΕ |
before | πριν | ΠΡΙΝ |
after | μετά | ΜΕΤΑ |
early | νορίς | ΝΟΡΙΣ |
late | αργά | ΑΡΓΑ |
already | ήδη | ΗΔΗ |
ιμμεδιατελυ | αμέσως | ΑΜΕΣΩΣ |
at last | επιτέλους | ΕΠΙΤΕΛΟΥΣ |
just | μόλις | ΜΟΛΙΣ |
often | συχνά | ΣΥΧΝΑ |
seldom | σπάωια | ΣΠΑΩΙΑ |
regularly | τακτικά | ΤΑΚΤΙΚΑ |
usually | συνήθως | ΣΥΝΗΘΩΣ |
[1] This use of the word "aspect" bears no relation to the grammatical definition used to describe verb useage.
[2] Note that ποτέ & οπότε meaning "never" and "at which point" have a different stress placement to πότε & όποτε meaning "when" and "whenever". Otherwise they are spelt identically so they are ones to be carefull of.